A reduction in image brightness or saturation at the periphery compared to the center of the image.
Vignetting is an optical effect that causes the edges of an image to appear darker or less saturated than the center. It can occur naturally due to lens design, particularly with wide-angle lenses or when using filters. While sometimes considered a technical flaw, photographers often add vignetting intentionally in post-processing to direct viewer attention to the center of the image or create a more dramatic mood. The effect can be subtle or pronounced, depending on the creative intent.